Best Practices for Instruction (All
subjects)
Researchers have used the process of "meta-analysis"
to determine the most effective classroom instruction
linked to student achievement. The researchers have not
yet determined if some instructional strategies are more
effective in certain subject areas, at certain grade levels,
with students from different backgrounds or different
aptitudes. Teachers should work with colleagues to select
and evaluate the most appropriate strategies for their
students and subject areas using classroom data to help
determine the effectiveness.
The top nine instructional strategies are:
- Summarizing and note taking
- Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
- Homework and practice
- Nonlinguistic representations (drawing)
- Identifying similarities and differences
- Cooperative learning
- Setting objectives and providing feedback
- Generating and testing hypotheses or proofs
- Cues, questions, and advance organizers
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Source: Classroom Instruction that Works: Research-Based
Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement. Marzano,
Pickering, & Pollock, McREL, 2001.
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